Class, Love, and Independence: A Comparative Analysis of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’ (Assignment - 103)

Class, Love, and Independence: A Comparative Analysis of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’

Table of contents 

• Personal Information 

• Assignment Details 

• Abstract 

• Keywords 

• Introduction 

• Representation of Female Protagonist 

• Depiction of Romance and Relationships

• Social Class and Its Impact  

• Conclusion 

• References 

Personal Information 

Name - Bhumiba Gohil 

Batch - M.A. Sem 1 (2023-2025)

Enrollment Number - 5108230016

Email Address - bhumibagohil333@gmail.com 

Roll Number - 4

 

Assignment Details 

Topic - Class, Love, and Independence: A Comparative Analysis of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’ 

Paper -Literature of the Romantics

Paper Number - 103

Subject Code - 22394

Submitted to - Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English M.K.B.U.

Date of Submission - 1 December 2023

Abstract 

This assignment undertakes a comparative exploration of “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte, focusing on the representation of female protagonists, the portrayal of romantic relationships, and the impact of social class within the narratives. Through a detailed analysis, this study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre as strong-willed heroines navigating their societal landscapes. It examines their agency, resilience, and negotiation of societal expectations while unraveling the complexities of their respective romantic pursuits.  

Key Words 

Female Protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, Jane Eyre, Romantic Relationships, Social Class, Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte. 

Introduction 

In the realm of classic literature, the works of Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte stand as timeless testaments to the intricacies of human relationships, societal norms, and the indomitable spirit of their female protagonists. "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen and "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte offer captivating narratives that resonate through time, illuminating the lives of women navigating complex social landscapes in the early 19th century. This comparative analysis seeks to delve into the representation of female protagonists, the portrayal of romantic relationships, and the influence of social class on their lives.

Before we begin our comparisons, it is necessary to briefly introduce both the novels. 

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 

Pride and Prejudice, published in 1813, is a timeless classic by Jane Austen, one of the most celebrated novelists of all time. Set in the genteel society of 19th-century England, the novel follows the Bennet sisters, particularly Elizabeth, as they navigate the complexities of love, marriage, and social expectations.

Pride and Prejudice is a captivating tale of love, pride, and prejudice, exploring the clash between personal desires and societal expectations. Elizabeth Bennet, the spirited and intelligent protagonist, challenges the norms of her time, defying societal pressures and pursuing a love match based on mutual respect and understanding. The novel's enduring appeal lies in its relatable characters, its insightful commentary on human nature, and its enduring themes of love, marriage, and social class. 

(Austen)

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 

Jane Eyre, published in 1847, is a captivating novel by Charlotte Bronte, an English novelist renowned for her powerful and introspective storytelling. Set in mid-19th-century England, the novel follows the extraordinary life of Jane Eyre, an independent and spirited young woman who defies societal constraints and pursues a life true to herself.

Jane Eyre is a remarkable tale of self-discovery, resilience, and the pursuit of personal fulfillment. Jane's journey from a mistreated orphan to an independent and self-respecting woman is a testament to her strength of character and her unwavering belief in herself. The novel's enduring appeal lies in its relatable protagonist, its exploration of universal human emotions, and its enduring themes of love, independence, and the search for self-worth. 

(Brontë)

Representation of Female Protagonist 

Let us begin by analyzing Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre, two of literature's most beloved heroines. While both characters possess intelligence, wit, and a strong sense of self, their journeys and the societal constraints they face differ significantly.

Elizabeth Bennet: A Spirited Rebel in a Confining Society

Elizabeth Bennet is a witty, independent-minded young woman who challenges the rigid social norms of 19th-century England. Despite her father's financial concerns and the pressures to marry within her social class, Elizabeth refuses to be bound by societal expectations. Her development is marked by a gradual transformation from initial prejudice and misjudgment to a more mature and discerning perspective. She learns to see beyond superficial appearances and recognize the true worth of individuals, particularly Mr. Darcy, whose arrogance she initially misinterprets.

Elizabeth's agency is evident in her refusal to be swayed by societal pressures or the opinions of others. She is not afraid to speak her mind, even when it contradicts the prevailing social norms. Her independent spirit allows her to make choices based on her own judgment, rather than conforming to expectations.

Jane Eyre: A Determined Survivor in a Sexist Society

Jane Eyre is a determined and resilient young woman who fights for her independence and self-worth in a society that often subordinates women. Despite facing numerous hardships, including neglect, abuse, and societal prejudices, Jane never loses sight of her personal integrity and her desire for a life free from constraints. Her development is marked by a gradual process of self-discovery and empowerment. She learns to question the societal norms that limit her opportunities and to assert her own identity. Her journey is one of overcoming obstacles and pursuing a life of truth, love, and personal fulfillment.

Jane's independence is evident in her refusal to accept the limitations imposed upon her by social expectations. She challenges societal norms regarding women's education, employment, and marriage. Her determination to chart her own course and define her own happiness sets her apart from the societal norms of her time.

Societal Constraints and the Pursuit of Personal Fulfillment

Both Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre face significant societal constraints that limit their freedom and agency. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth is bound by the expectation of marrying within her social class and securing a financially stable future. She is also subject to the prevailing social norms that dictate women's roles and expectations. In Jane Eyre, Jane faces the harsh realities of 19th-century society, where women are often considered property and their worth is determined by their social status and marital prospects. She must navigate a world where her intelligence and independence are often met with skepticism and disapproval.

Despite these constraints, both Elizabeth and Jane demonstrate remarkable resilience and determination in their pursuit of personal fulfillment. They challenge societal norms, assert their independence, and refuse to be defined by the expectations of others. Their journeys serve as powerful examples of female empowerment and the pursuit of self-determination.

Depiction of Romance and Relationship 

The themes of love, marriage, and societal expectations are intertwined in both Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre, shaping the characters' journeys and their pursuit of personal fulfillment. The romantic relationships of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy and Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester serve as central examples of how these themes are explored.

Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy's relationship is a classic tale of overcoming prejudice and societal expectations to find true love. Their initial misunderstandings and mutual pride stem from the rigid social norms of 19th-century England. Elizabeth's initial dislike of Mr. Darcy is based on his perceived arrogance, while Mr. Darcy's pride leads him to misjudge Elizabeth's character. Over time, their perceptions of each other shift as they gain a deeper understanding of one another's true nature. Elizabeth learns to see beyond Mr. Darcy's aloof exterior and recognizes his underlying kindness and integrity, while Mr. Darcy comes to appreciate Elizabeth's wit, intelligence, and independent spirit.

Their relationship challenges the societal expectations of their time, as they transcend the boundaries of class and social status. Their love is based on mutual respect, admiration, and a shared understanding of the importance of personal integrity. Ultimately, they overcome the obstacles imposed by society and find happiness in their union.

Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester's relationship is a complex and unconventional exploration of love, self-respect, and societal constraints. Their bond is forged through shared experiences, mutual understanding, and a deep respect for each other's intelligence and independence. However, their relationship is challenged by significant societal obstacles, including Mr. Rochester's hidden marriage and the stark disparity in their social class. Jane's unwavering sense of self-worth and her refusal to compromise her principles prevent her from accepting a life of subjugation or societal acceptance at the expense of her personal integrity.

Their love story is a testament to the power of self-respect and the importance of pursuing a love that does not compromise one's individuality. Jane's assertion of her own worth and her refusal to be defined by societal expectations ultimately lead her to a relationship that is built on mutual respect and shared values.

In both Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre, class and social norms play a significant role in shaping the romantic relationships and the challenges faced by the characters. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy must overcome the societal barriers of class and social status, while Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester must navigate the complexities of their unequal social positions and the constraints imposed upon women in their society. Personal integrity is a central theme in both novels, as the characters must grapple with the choice between societal acceptance and personal fulfillment. Elizabeth and Jane's refusal to compromise their principles and their pursuit of love based on mutual respect and understanding set them apart from the societal norms of their time.

Social Class and Its Impact

Social class plays a pervasive and transformative role in the lives and relationships of Elizabeth and Jane. The rigid social hierarchy of 19th-century England dictates the characters' opportunities, expectations, and the very fabric of their relationships.

In Pride and Prejudice, social class is a rigid and defining aspect. The Bennet family's modest gentry status significantly impacts their lives, particularly the Bennet sisters' prospects for marriage. The expectation of marrying within their social class and securing financial stability weighs heavily on the Bennet women, influencing their interactions with potential suitors. Elizabeth Bennet's initial dislike of Mr. Darcy stems from his perceived arrogance and aloofness, which she attributes to his wealth and social standing. Mr. Darcy's initial assessment of Elizabeth is also influenced by his own class consciousness and the societal expectations placed upon him.

Over time, as Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy overcome their initial prejudices and develop a deeper understanding of each other, their relationship challenges the rigid social norms of their time. Their love transcends the boundaries of class and status, demonstrating that true connection and mutual respect can exist regardless of societal expectations.

In Jane Eyre, social class is a stark and oppressive force that shapes the protagonist's life from childhood to adulthood. Jane's impoverished background and lack of social status leave her vulnerable to exploitation and mistreatment. Her experiences at Lowood Institution, where she is subjected to harsh treatment and emotional abuse, highlight the stark inequalities between the wealthy and the underprivileged. Jane's determination to rise above her circumstances and pursue a life of self-worth and independence is a testament to her resilience and unwavering spirit.

Jane's relationship with Mr. Rochester, a wealthy and powerful man, is complicated by the disparity in their social positions. Mr. Rochester's initial attempts to assert his dominance over Jane stem from his ingrained sense of entitlement and the societal norms that reinforce male authority. Jane's refusal to be subjugated or treated as inferior, despite her lower social status, challenges the prevailing power dynamics of their time. Her insistence on mutual respect and equality is a powerful assertion of female empowerment and the pursuit of self-determination.

Conclusion

In the convergence of "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen and "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte, the enduring resonance of these literary masterpieces lies in their poignant portrayal of female protagonists, the complexities of romantic relationships, and the pervasive influence of social class on personal destinies. Through the unwavering spirits of Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre, Austen and Bronte weave narratives that transcend time, inviting readers to traverse worlds shaped by societal expectations, individual aspirations, and the intricacies of love and societal norms.

In the interplay between Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre, their struggles, triumphs, and unwavering spirits, these literary works endure as beacons of inspiration, inviting readers to ponder the complexities of human existence, the pursuit of personal fulfillment, and the timeless quest for autonomy in a world defined by societal expectations.

References

Austen, Jane. Emma. Edited by George Justice, W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.

Bossche, Chris R. Vanden. “What Did ‘Jane Eyre’ Do? Ideology, Agency, Class and the Novel.” Narrative, vol. 13, no. 1, 2005, pp. 46–66. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20107362. Accessed 30 Nov. 2023.

Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Edited by Richard J. Dunn, Norton Critical Edition, W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.

Weinsheimer, Joel. “Chance and the Hierarchy of Marriages in Pride and Prejudice.” ELH, vol. 39, no. 3, 1972, pp. 404–19. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2872192. Accessed 30 Nov. 2023.

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